The Relationship between the Concepts of “Artificial Intelligence” and “Artificial Neural Networks” in Forensic Expertology

The article addresses the relationship between the concepts of “artificial intelligence” (AI) and “artificial neural networks” (ANNs) in forensic context. Over the past few years there has been some growing scientific interest in applying these technologies in forensic examination, which makes the issue of how these developments are currently impacting forensic practice and how they might influence it in the long term quite relevant. The identification of their specific characteristics is expected to facilitate a more efficient integration of AI and ANNs into forensic activities at the methodological, legal, and organizational levels. To illustrate the general relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and neural networks, and to demonstrate how they differ, the author provides a brief historical overview of the development of AI concepts and a description of the operating principles of certain AI systems, specifically artificial neural networks. The author also proposes the ways to integrate AI and neural networks into forensic activities at both theoretical and practical levels.