A Study of the Impact of ND: Yag Laser Posterior Capsulotomy on Foveal Thickness and Central Corneal Thickness by Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a common post - cataract surgery complication, resulting from the proliferation and migration of residual lens epithelial cells. Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy is the standard non - invasive treatment for PCO, though it carries risks such as corneal endothelial damage, increased intraocular pressure, and retinal detachment. This observational study aimed to assess the effects of Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy on foveal and central corneal thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD - OCT). Fifty patients, aged 20 - 60, with clinically significant PCO and a best - corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of <20/40 or <6/9, underwent capsulotomy. Foveal and central corneal thickness were measured before the procedure, one hour post - procedure, and at a 15 - day follow - up using SD - OCT. Capsulotomy was performed using the Zeiss VISULAS YAG III. Capsular fibrosis was the most common form of PCO (78%), followed by Elschnig's pearls (22%). A significant increase in central corneal thickness was observed one hour after capsulotomy (540.58 ? 28.96, p < 0.001), compared to baseline (530.72 ? 18.97). No significant changes in foveal thickness were noted at any time point. The study concludes that Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy is a safe and effective treatment for PCO, with no adverse effects on the macular fovea when performed under controlled conditions.