Micro-scale built environment and pedestrian behavior: A focus on sidewalks in commercial districts in Tokyo

Sidewalks play an indispensable role in creating walkable environments. In commercial districts, sidewalks increase connectivity and can enhance pedestrian volume, which promotes commerce. While past research has explored commercial factors affecting pedestrian behavior on sidewalks, few studies have explored the effects of architectural factors. This study centers on two sidewalks in commercial districts in Tokyo as a case study, seeking to elucidate the relationship between micro-scale built environment factors and pedestrian behavior. Nineteen factors are analyzed in relation to pedestrian volume and staying. Correlation analysis reveals that pedestrian volume and staying are significantly correlated with seven and six built environment factors, respectively. Stepwise multiple linear regression further reveals that pedestrian volume is positively correlated with passable width, W / D , and movable greening, while being negatively correlated with flagship. Staying, conversely, is positively correlated with passable width, sky rate, and D / H . Based on these identified relationships, a predictive model is established for pedestrian volumes in sidewalks in commercial districts. The findings of this study may provide workable insights for decision-makers aiming to establish walkable environments and encouraging pedestrian activity and may aid in developing detailed plans based on specific factors influencing pedestrian behavior.