Optimal Heart Rate in patients in sinus rhythm and heart failure

<ns3:p>The incidence of heart failure in the Polish population ranges from 1.0 to 1.3 million cases. Although the optimal heart rate is unknown, it should be sought to exceed 70/min. A higher heart rate increases the risk of death, arrhythmic events, and hospitalization due to deterioration of heart function. The association of increased heart rate with deterioration of long-term prognosis applies to both patients with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. In patients with heart failure, the resting heart rate should be lowered to below 70/min. Patients with the greatest reduction in heart rate within 3 months of hospitalization due to deterioration of heart function are particularly beneficial. It seems that lowering the resting frequency to &lt; 65/min and reducing it of more than 20/min do not bring any additional benefits.</ns3:p>