Deciphering Low Cardiac Output Syndrome: Insights and Management in Post-Cardiac Surgery

Low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) is a dysfunctional state of the heart that often results in decreased cardiac output that is insufficient to meet current metabolic demands. LCOS is typically seen after post-cardiac surgery and is often associated with worsened outcomes and rising hospital costs. As cardiovascular disease becomes more common in an aging population, the prevalence of LCOS will inevitably increase. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology and management is essential to patient outcomes. This is a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment options, and outcomes of those who develop LCOS after cardiac surgery.