Prevalence, mode of inheritance and some clinical studies of clubfoot disorder among patients

 Clubfoot, also known as congenital talipes equinovarus is a group of skeletal disorders characterized by abnormal development and abnormalities in bones, cartilage, joints of legs, ankle and foot. Chondro-osseous growth, morphology, and posture in three dimensions are all impacted by this disorder. One to three cases per one thousand babies are diagnosed with clubfoot, making it most frequent paediatric orthopaedic disease. This study was conducted to assess the frequency, types and patterns of inheritance in villages, schools and hospitals of the Punjab, Pakistan, The study involved surveying 200 families with various genetic disorders in different districts of Punjab. Three families included cousin marriages were selected for further investigation due to their higher prevalence of clubfoot. Among the 139 examined family members, 14 individuals were diagnosed with clubfoot, while the remaining 125 did not show any signs of disorder. The analysis of three families, namely OKR 1, OKR 2, and HRN 3 revealed that the percentage of family members affected by clubfoot was 13%, 9.5%, and 8.63%, respectively. Conversely, the percentage of family members unaffected by clubfoot in these families was 87%, 90.5% and 91.37%, respectively. Further examination of affected individuals showed that out of 14 cases, 13 were males and only one was female. This indicates that males have a higher likelihood of developing clubfoot than females, with male percentage of 92.85%   and a female percentage of 7.14%. The observed inheritance pattern of clubfoot disorder among these families was autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked.