The demographic status and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in B- thalassemia patients

Beta thalassemia is a blood disorder in which there is mutation in gene encoding for betaglobin chain. Reduced or absent beta globin chain lead to ineffective erythropoiesis and immature red blood cell production. Covid 19 also known as SARSCoV-2 causes acute respiratory infectious disease that transmits through respiratory droplets. People with underlying secondary conditions are more prone towards developing severe form of the virus. This study investigates the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patients with β-thalassemia major (β-TM) in Pakistan, focusing on the impact of iron chelation therapy and associated comorbidities on COVID-19 outcomes. This work involved 200 β-TM patients aged 10 to 30 years. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters. The study highlights the complex interaction between iron overload, common in β-TM patients due to frequent transfusions, and susceptibility to severe COVID-19. The role of iron chelation therapy, which has antiviral properties, was also examined. Despite the lack of a direct link between hemoglobinopathies and respiratory diseases, underlying conditions such as cardiac, liver, and renal diseases, exacerbated by iron accumulation, were found to increase the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. In conclusion, addressing the unique challenges faced by thalassemia patients in the context of COVID-19 requires a multifaceted approach. A robust data system and targeted research will be vital in developing strategies for prevention, treatment, and long-term care for this vulnerable group.