Second Life Electric Vehicle Battery Against Renewable Energy Intermittency in Unit Commitment Model of Large-Scale Power System

The unit commitment (UC) issue has long been a major problem in power system operations, with the primary goal to minimize the total fuel costs for thermal generators by optimally committing available generation units.This problem was inherently complex due to the involvement of numerous integer variables.Furthermore, the rapid expansion of renewable energy sources (RESs) like wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) has accelerated the transition to sustainable energy.However, widespread incorporation of such RESs into the power system grid has introduced substantial challenges, particularly related to increased operational uncertainties.In this study, the UC problem was constructed as mixed integer linear programming (MILP) using objective function derived from the total fuel costs of thermal generation units, linearized using a piece-wise method.The UC problem was further enhanced by incorporating a second life electric vehicle battery (SL-EVB) to mitigate the intermittency of RES outputs, thereby effectively reducing total fuel costs.The UC issue was implemented by employing a General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) software under a CPLEX solver.To assess the efficacy of the proposed approach, the IEEE 118-bus system was employed.According to results of simulations, adding SL-EVB has the potential to reduce the total fuel costs of thermal generators by approximately 12% compared to the UC model without the integration of RESs and SL-EVB.