A Numerical Analysis of the Role of Pile Foundations in Shaft Sinking Using the Vertical Shaft Sinking Machine (VSM)

The use of the Vertical Shaft Sinking Machine (VSM) for shaft construction marks a significant advancement in modern technology and is recognized as one of the leading techniques in the field. However, much of the existing research focuses on mechanical and technical challenges, often overlooking the effects on surrounding soil and the structural integrity of shafts. This study demonstrates that increasing pile diameter by 20% improves load-bearing capacity by 15% and reduces soil settlement by 12%, though these improvements come with higher construction costs. Additionally, larger diameters improve lateral stability, but excessively long piles lead to diminishing returns. To address the limited research on reinforcement design in soft soils, a series of numerical models were employed to investigate the effects of pile spacing, length, and diameter on surrounding soil behavior. This in-depth analysis aims to provide a scientific foundation for optimizing VSM technology in caisson pile foundations, particularly in soft-soil conditions.