Mitigating Interobserver Variability in Radiomics with ComBat: A Feasibility Study

This study investigates Intraobserver Features Variability (IFV) in radiomics studies and assesses the effectiveness of the ComBat harmonization method in mitigating these effects. <i>Methods:</i> This study utilizes data from the NSCLC-Radiomics-Interobserver1 dataset, comprising CT scans of 22 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients, with multiple Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) delineations performed by five radiation oncologists. Segmentation was completed manually ("vis") or by autosegmentation with manual editing ("auto"). A total of 1229 radiomic features were extracted from each GTV, segmentation method, and oncologist. Features extracted included first order, shape, GLCM, GLRLM, GLSZM, and GLDM from original, wavelet-filtered, and LoG-filtered images. <i>Results:</i> Before implementing ComBat harmonization, 83% of features exhibited <i>p</i>-values below 0.05 in the "vis" approach; this percentage decreased to 34% post-harmonization. Similarly, for the "auto" approach, 75% of features demonstrated statistical significance prior to ComBat, but this figure declined to 33% after its application. Among a subset of three expert radiation oncologists, percentages changed from 77% to 25% for "vis" contouring and from 64% to 23% for "auto" contouring. This study demonstrates that ComBat harmonization could effectively reduce IFV, enhancing the feasibility of multicenter radiomics studies. It also highlights the significant impact of physician experience on radiomics analysis outcomes.