Ethnobotanical study of medicinal and aromatic plants commonly used in the daily life of the populations of the Moroccan Middle Atlas: results of pharmacy surveys

Abstract This in-depth ethnobotanical study was conducted specifically in the Middle Atlas region of Morocco to document and analyze the use of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) among local populations suffering from various chronic conditions. This survey involved 99 participants with gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, endocrine, urinary, gynecological, or similar diseases. The main objective was to draw up a complete inventory of the MAPs used, detailing their therapeutic indications and identifying any adverse effects associated with their use, whether through misapplication, overdosing, or interaction with other drugs taken by the patients. In the present, twenty MAPs species belonging to twelve distinct botanical families were identified. Among these plants, oregano ( Origanum compactum ) from the Lamiaceae family is the most widely used species, with a frequency of over 30%. Leaves were the most commonly used plant organ in traditional recipes (60.6%), whereas decoction was the most predominant preparation method (51.5%). This survey was conducted using questionnaires distributed in some pharmacies, and provided valuable data on MAP use practices, highlighting the predominance of certain plant species, their main therapeutic indications, and the preparation methods preferred by the Middle Atlas inhabitants to treat their ailments.