Evaluation of bird reproduction and predation impact in Agroecosystem vineyards in the Fes-Meknes region of Morocco.

Abstract The reproductive of avian species within agro-ecosystems hold paramount importance in sustaining ecological equilibrium, regulating pest populations, and preserving overall biodiversity. Over a comprehensive three-year investigation spanning from 2021 to 2023, our research was conducted within contemporary viticultural agroecosystems to meticulously assess the reproductive performance of birds and discern the nuanced impact of predation on nesting success. Our findings indicate that Moroccan vineyards offer a conducive habitat for avian nesting, with nest abundance intricately linked to the specific avian species under consideration. Furthermore, the predation rate exhibits discernible variations contingent upon the reproductive stage, notably during the pivotal ‘Nest Predation” phase. Approximately 25.35% of nests faced predation, 31.61% of eggs succumbed to predation, and 22.42% of chicks fell victim to predation. This study underscores the indispensable role of predation in avian reproductive processes within vineyard ecosystems, thereby furnishing crucial insights essential for the formulation of nuanced and tailored conservation strategies within viticultural environments.