Legal Framework and Mechanism for Combating International Crimes: A Comparative Analysis between Nigeria and Uganda

This research compares and analyzes the existing legal regimes and institutional mechanisms developed to combat international crimes in both Nigeria and Uganda. It also attempts to examine the adequacy of the responses of the two countries in addressing international crimes. In this respect, a doctrinal research methodology is adopted involving analyzing primary and secondary legal materials including national legislation, international treaties, judicial decisions, and all relevant case studies. Research findings revealed that the two countries did much to ensure the domestic legal framework conforms to international standards. In Nigeria, there is adequate legislation which includes the Terrorism Prevention Act and Geneva Convention Act, Uganda is partially equipped with such laws as the Geneva Conventions Act, the International Criminal Court ICC Act, and the establishment of the International Crimes Division (ICD) of the High Courts. Unfortunately, political interference, corruption, and resource constraints within both countries have undermined the institutions' capacity and ability to prosecute international crimes effectively and pursue justice. This research recommends enhancing institutional capacity and anti-corruption measures, political independence of judicial and law enforcement agencies, and strengthening international cooperation with the ICC amongst others. Implementation of these recommendations shall develop the efficiency of legal frameworks and institutional mechanisms in both countries' jurisdictions, Nigeria and Uganda, toward complementing global efforts against impunity for international crimes. Keywords: International Crimes, Genocide, Legal Framework, Institutional Mechanisms, Political Interference