Strain and Deformation Analysis Using 3D Geological Finite Element Modeling with Comparison to Extensometer and Tiltmeter Observations

This study verifies the practicality of using finite element analysis for strain and deformation analysis in regions with sparse GNSS stations. A digital 3D terrain model is constructed using DEM data, and regional rock mass properties are integrated to simulate geological structures, resulting in the development of a 3D geological finite element model (FEM) using the ANSYS Workbench module. Gravity load and thermal constraints are applied to derive directional strain and deformation solutions, and the model results are compared to actual strain and tilt measurements from the Jiujiang Seismic Station (JSS). The results show that temperature variations significantly affect strain and deformation, particularly due to the elevation difference between the mountain base and summit. Higher temperatures increase thermal strain, causing tensile effects, while lower temperatures reduce thermal strain, leading to compressive effects. Strain and deformation patterns are strongly influenced by geological structures, gravity, and topography, with valleys experiencing tensile strain and ridges undergoing compression. The deformation trend indicates a southwestward movement across the study area. A comparison of FEM results with ten years of strain and tiltmeter data from JSS reveals a strong correlation between the model predictions and actual measurements, with correlation coefficients of 0.6 and 0.75 for strain in the NS and EW directions, and 0.8 and 0.9 for deformation in the NS and EW directions, respectively. These findings confirm that the 3D geological FEM is applicable for regional strain and deformation analysis, providing a feasible alternative in areas with limited GNSS monitoring. This method provides valuable insights into crustal deformation in regions with sparse strain and deformation measurement data.