On methodology of describing archaeological porcelain and faience of Modern and Contemporary Times

The article substantiates why it is important to commit to a number of characteristics to process and describe fine ceramics from the Modern and Contemporary cultural layers and introduce these ceramics for scientific use. Such characteristics imply the material of products (porcelain, faience, semi-faience, maiolica), morphology and function (cups, saucers, plates, dishes, etc.), decor, including decoration techniques (painting, printing, decal, etc.), manufacturers’ stamps including techniques of their application (printing, decal, stamp, stencil, etc.). Archaeologists and museum experts give specific examples that illustrate what information can be extracted from a detailed description of these parameters in the archaeological porcelain and faience. This information can be used for interpretation of both the finds themselves and the cultural layer where they were discovered. The study offers separate description of specifics and significance for individual and mass finds. Individual finds in the first place serve for historical and cultural affiliation and chronology of an archaeological heritage object. Therefore, it is suggested to describe such finds committing to the characteristics that make it possible to determine the place and period of origin of the artifacts themselves as accurately as possible. Whereas mass finds are severely destroyed objects not subject to restoration. Some of them might be left behind at the site of archaeological excavations, and irretrievably lost as a consequence. That is why the research suggests options for setting out their most important historical, cultural and scientific parameters in statistic tables. The study raises problematic methodological issues regarding the possible interpretation of the statistical data obtained.