Design Considerations for Pixelated Antennas Regarding Pixel Size and Symmetry

Pixelated structures offer a unique possibility to design and optimize antennas tailor-made for very specific and challenging application scenarios, where conventional antenna design may lead to unsatisfactory results. Several different optimization techniques can be applied to these structures, depending on the desired goals and applications, making pixelated antennas very versatile fundamental structures. In this study, we investigate the optimization of pixelated antennas with a focus on the effects of pixel size and asymmetrical design approaches on gain. By simulation techniques and optimization algorithms, including genetic algorithms and multi-objective frameworks, we analyze how these design parameters influence the antenna’s performance in terms of gain. Our findings reveal that smaller pixel sizes enhance the gain of large antennas, while asymmetrical designs offer advantages over symmetrical configurations.