Double-Frequency-Testing-Based Models of 5G FR1 Amplifier Nonlinearity for Rapid Simulation of EMI

Nonlinear properties of low-power radiofrequency amplifiers similar to those used in 4G/5G mobile-communication equipment of the FR1 frequency range are studied experimentally at frequencies of the $\mathbf{n 7}$ band (2500 2570 / $2620-2690 \mathrm{MHz}$) and the $\mathbf{n 7 8}$ band ($3300-3800 \mathrm{MHz}$) by using the double-frequency test system. High-order polynomial models of transfer characteristics of investigated amplifiers are extracted from the following measured data: double-frequency characteristics of the amplifiers, their single-tone amplitude characteristics, as well as two-tone amplitude characteristics and the interference-free dynamic ranges for 3rd-, 5th-, 7th-, and 9thorder intermodulation in the first harmonic zone. These models are suitable for use in a wide dynamic range of input signals in case of simultaneous modeling of nonlinear effects of all kinds posing a danger to radio reception in a complex electromagnetic environment (EME) created in the mobile-communication frequency bands: both “subtle” effects (intermodulation) and “rough” effects (desensitization, cross-modulation). When using the technology of discrete nonlinear analysis, the obtained models provide high efficiency of computer simulation of nonlinear processes and radio interference occurring in 4G/5G radio equipment and networks in a complex EME.