Modification of the association between coffee consumption and constipation by alcohol drinking: A cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2007–2010

Consuming 1-2 cups of caffeinated coffee daily was associated with a reduced risk of constipation in the general population. Among never drinkers of alcohol, a linear protective effect was observed, with a notable 88% reduction in constipation risk for those consuming at least 3 cups per day. Moderate caffeinated coffee intake may therefore be a viable dietary strategy for managing constipation in the general population.