Influencing factors of self-aligned imaging in near-field lithography for the Fabry–Perot cavity effect

In near-field lithography, the Fabry–Perot (F-P) cavity enhancement effect can significantly improve image quality and resolution. This paper considers changes in the refractive index and air distance in self-aligned imaging. Simulation results demonstrate that the Fabry–Perot resonator effect achieves effective self-alignment in 3D imaging. The proposed structure builds on traditional near-field imaging structures and F-P resonator research, suggesting a Cu/SiO 2 structure as the front layer. Rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA), finite element method (FEM), and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods were employed to verify the self-alignment effect on single gratings and rectangular hole arrays. The results indicate that the self-alignment lithography method based on the F-P effect not only enhances lithography contrast and normalized image log-slope (NILS) but also shows robust performance against variations in air distance and complex refractive index. Notably, for the rectangular aperture array structure, with changes in air distance and complex refractive index within a certain range, the NILS remains stable above 2.8, and the contrast stays near 0.70. These simulation results confirm that the F-P resonator-based scheme is viable for plasma imaging lithography with small critical dimensions.