Circadian rhythm genes contribute to the prognosis prediction and potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer

The role of circadian rhythm genes (CRGs) in gastric cancer (GC) is poorly understood. This study aimed to develop a CRG signature to improve understanding of prognosis and immunotherapy responses in GC patients. We integrated the The Cancer Genome Atlas-Stomach adenocarcinoma (TCGA-STAD) dataset with CRGs to develop a prognostic signature for GC. The signature's predictive ability was validated using Kaplan-Meier and ROC curves. The CIBERSORT algorithm evaluated immune cell proportions, and tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion score, as well as immune phenotype score, determined the response to immunotherapy for STAD patients. Finally, we assessed signature genes expression using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We developed a 4-CRG signature for STAD, demonstrating accurate prognostic ability. The low-risk group showed increased B cell memory and CD8 + T cells, and decreased M2 Macrophages compared to the high-risk group. Patients in the low-risk group had a higher likelihood of benefiting from immunotherapy. Additionally, gastric cancer tissues exhibited elevated expression of OPN3 and decreased expression of TP53 compared to adjacent tissue. This study successfully established a prognostic signature for CRGs, accurately predicting prognosis and immunotherapeutic response among STAD patients, providing insights for the development of personalized therapeutic strategies for these patients.