Advancing Precision Nutrition in Endometriosis Care: The Role of Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics

Endometriosis is a gynecological disorder that affects 10-15% of women of reproductive age. It is characterized as a chronic, inflammatory, and hormone-dependent disease in which the endometrial tissue is present on the external uterine lining, resulting in infertility and pelvic pain. Some research studies stated that about 97% of human diseases are monogenic diseases associated with genes. Thus, modifying dietary intake (personalized diet) can potentially prevent monogenic diseases. Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics have garnered substantial interest among researchers as potential avenues for managing chronic conditions like diabetes, cancer, obesity, and cardiovascular disorders. Nutrigenomics ascertains the effects of food and ingested nutrients on gene expression and regulation, tailoring nutritional needs to an individual’s genetic makeup, thereby facilitating personalized diets. On the other hand, nutrigenetics investigates how an individual’s genetic composition influences their response to dietary elements. Both fields could be beneficial in modifying various disease conditions. Furthermore, it explores the effects of precision nutrition, direct-to-consumer genetic testing, and the role of artificial intelligence in the nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics approach to managing endometriosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of potential treatment modalities for endometriosis through the lenses of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. It highlights the interplay between dietary interventions and gene expression, elucidating how personalized approaches could potentially modify the course of endometriosis.