Comparative analysis of mold-cast and 3D-printed cement-based components: implications for standardization in additive construction

The rapid growth of additive construction emphasizes the need for developing testing methodologies specific to cement-based 3D-printed components. This study performs a comprehensive comparative analysis of the physical, mechanical, and microstructural characteristics of specimens fabricated through 3D printing versus those created using traditional mold-casting techniques. This research aims to inform and support standardization efforts in the field of additive construction, both within Canada and globally. Additionally, the research provides insights into material characterization to inform the development of numerical modeling strategies tailored for 3D-printed structural elements. The digital image correlation (DIC) technique was employed to examine strain behavior and generate stress-strain curves. The results showed a significant strength reduction and strain concentration at the interlayer surfaces of the 3D-printed specimens. Concluding recommendations include the adoption of the oblique shear test for shear strength assessment and the four-point flexural strength for evaluating interlayer bond strength in cement-based 3D-printed members.