Seroprevalence of Salmonella infections among HIV-Infected Patients in South-South, Nigeria

Clinical syndromes caused by Salmonella infection in humans are divided into typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi and a range of clinical syndromes, including diarrhea disease caused by a large number of non-typhoidal salmonella serovars (NTS). One hundred (100) blood samples of compromised HIV patients were used for this study. It was found that female compromised HIV patients were more prevalent to typhoid fever than male compromised HIV patients. Patients around the age range of 26 - 35 years were more prevalent to typhoid fever while patients of the age range of 51 - 65 years are at low risk of typhoid fever. Agglutinins to S. typhi were the most prevalent among the sera tested at various dilutions in both males and females. Seventeen [17(17%)] had higher titre for S. typhi 'O' and 17 (17%) for S. typhi 'H' in the females and in males with 2(2%) for the S. typhi 'O' and 3 (3%) for the S. typhi 'H' and all others. The results also showed that more females had Salmonella agglutinin titres for S. typhi H [17 (17%)], S. typhi O [17(17%)], S. paratyphi B-H [17 (17%)] and S. paratyphi C-H [17 (17%)] more followed by S. paratyphi A-H [16 (16%)] then, S. paratyphi B-O [15(15%)] and S. paratyphi C-O [12(12%)], Bloodstream infections with Salmonella typhi is uncommon in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. The symptoms in such patients are often non-specific and have a rather insidious onset and progression. We report a patient with sepsis and lower limb gangrene due to Salmonella typhi infection in an HIV-infected patient. In conclusion, Salmonella typhi is prevalence in compromised female patients than male patients, and it was also observed that Salmonella typhi is present, more amongst the age range of 26 – 35 years and low among 51-65 of age. Compromised female patients and mid age people (26 - 35 years) should take preventive measure to ensure that they are not infected with Salmonella typhi