Comprehensive Assessment of Animal Welfare Standards in Small Pig Farms of Assam

Background: Assam's scenic landscapes and rich agricultural heritage are intertwined with traditional piggery practices, which hold cultural and economic significance, particularly among tribal communities. Questions about animal welfare standards within these traditional setups linger despite their communal ethos. Evaluating their impact is vital for sustainable farming, rural livelihoods, and ecological preservation. Methods: The study designed and applied a rigorous methodology that assessed animal welfare standards in Assam's pig farming. It involved a two-part study design, which included selecting the relevant indicators for conducting the study and assessing small pig farms across the different agro-climatic zones of Assam. Data collection from small-pig farmers across Assam's zones using a 5-point Likert scale was followed by descriptive statistical analysis. Result: Housing facilities in Assam's pig farms provide ample space, fostering positive social dynamics and natural behaviours. However, tethering remains a concern, limiting movement and behaviour expression. While pigs were not found to be overly thin or emaciated, feeding practices could be improved for optimal growth and ideal body score. Limited veterinary involvement poses challenges in managing health issues. Recommendations include avoiding tethering, optimising feed, enhancing collaboration with veterinarians, and ensuring comfortable quarantine areas to promote pig welfare and health.