Deciphering genetic variability and phenotype expression, assessing drought stress tolerance and multi-trait stability index of ( <i>Vigna radiata</i> ) genotypes in Chitwan, Nepal

Grappling with climate change, and delving into variability among mung germplasm offers genetic stock. Therefore, harnessing RCB design, 16 mung genotypes were assessed in field & control environments through punctilious mixed models, and Duncan’s test (p ≤ 0.05) to assess stress indicators and yield attributes. This study divulges that 4 qualitative traits with a Shannon diversity index ranging from 0.41 to 0.74; 12 eigenvalues >1 contributed to 73% of variability. Likewise, the first 3 PCs accounted for variances: 19.25%, 8.39%, and 6.97%. From root architecture to yield attributes was captured in 3 PCs. Besides, elbow technique revealed that 4- clusters have a dissimilarity coefficient of 0.18; and disparate intra and inter-cluster distances, 440.6 (I) and 5959.402 (I-II), harbingering invaluable for hybridization. Path analysis revealed a positive association—post fertility traits & yield. Further, Duncan’s test elucidated that VC6370A, ideal in grain yield (2.432 tons/ha), subsequently CN95 (2.272 tons/ha). VC3960A-88 has the highest SPAD value (66.13), but Seedlings of VC6368 (46-40-3) is more apt to heat & drought-tolerant; in contrast, VC6370A has a deep root architecture, accentuating genes for water use efficiency & climate-resilient breeding. To add, MTSI disclose that VC6848, VC1973A(SC) were selected as stable & promising for improvement.