Serum Magnesium Status of Type 2 Diabetic Patients with and without Nephropathy

Background: Chronic hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress has been considered as pathogenic factor for diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. Magnesium (Mg) possess antioxidant properties and is also involved at multiple levels in insulin secretion, binding and activity. Deficiency of Mg increases oxidative stress and contributes in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. Objectives: To find out serum Mg status of type 2 diabetic patients with and without nephropathy. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total 162 respondents were selected from outpatient department of Medicine of BIRDEM General Hospital according to inclusion criteria during the period of July 2017 to June 2018. Among them 50 healthy individuals were selected as group I, 58 type 2 diabetic patients without nephropathy as group IIA and 54 type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy as group IIB. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, serum creatinine, spot urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), serum Mg were measured and estimated GFR was calculated by appropriate methods and statistical analysis were done. Results: It was found that serum Mg was significantly lower in Group IIA (0.77 ± 0.09) and Group IIB (0.69 ± 0.09) than Group I (0.82 ± 0.07). Percentage of hypomagnesaemia in Group I, Group IIA and Group IIB were found 4%, 17.2% and 48.1%, respectively. Furthermore, serum Mg was positively correlated with estimated GFR but negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, serum creatinine and spot urine ACR in both Group IIA and Group IIB. Conclusion: The present study concluded that serum Mg level was significantly decreased in type 2 diabetic patients with and without nephropathy than healthy individuals and decline was significantly higher in type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients compared to type 2 diabetic patients without nephropathy.