Analysis of the Influence of PV Integration on an Unbalanced Grid Voltage Deviation

With the increasing utilization of renewable energy sources (RES) to mitigate climate pollution from fossil fuel-based energy production, it is imperative to investigate the influence of integrated Photovoltaic (PV) generation on distribution grid voltage levels and power losses. Voltage stability in dispersed systems with high PV penetration is a major challenge due to solar power dynamic generation. Voltage stability is an important parameter for measuring the level of penetration of PV systems on distribution grids in terms of load capacity. As a result, this study provides analytical voltage stability, which is achieved using a 4.16 kV voltage level on a modified IEEE 13 bus radial distribution system. The network was modeled, simulated, and analyzed based on a snapshot power flow solution. Four simulation scenarios were tested for PV penetration levels on the grid. The collected outcomes demonstrated that the system voltage profile and losses remained within the voltage limit established by international standards with PV penetration. As a result, PV penetration levels greater than 40% of the loading capacity resulted in voltage increases that exceeded the prescribed limits, reverse power flow, and an increase in grid power loss.