Pharmacognostic analysis of fruits of Rosa majalis Herrm. (R. cinnamomea L.) and Rosa rugose Thunb., growing in the territory of Saratov region

Introduction. Plants of the genus Rosa L. are widely used in folk and official medicine for the treatment of many diseases. The main pharmacological effects are achieved due to the rich complex of biologically active substances (BAS) contained in the fruits. According to the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (SP RF) XV edition, the raw material of rose hips is the fruits of high-vitamin and low-vitamin species. It is of interest to estimate the quantitative content of biologically active substances in rose hips growing on the territory of the Russian Federation in order to expand the procurement sites for types of raw materials included in the pharmacopoeia. Aim. Comparative analysis of external and microscopic characteristics of high-vitamin fruits of R. majalis Herrm. ( R. cinnamomea L.) and R. rugosa Thunb., harvested in the Saratov region, as well as an assessment of the ascorbic acid content in them. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were the fruits of the R. majalis Herrm. and the R. rugosa Thunb., harvested in October 2023 in the Saratov region. Macro- and microscopic analysis was performed using a Mikromed MS-1 stereomicroscope (China), a Primo Star microscope (Carl Zeiss AG, Germany) equipped with a Levenhuk M1400 PLUS digital camera, microphotography was edited in Photoscape 3.7 according to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XV edition. Quantitative determination of ascorbic acid was carried out by the titrimetric method in accordance with GPA.2.5.0106.18 «Rosae fructus» of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XV edition. All experiments were performed in triplicate and statistically processed using MS Excel 2021. Results and discussion. As a result of the conducted studies, the macro- and microscopic characteristics of the analyzed species correspond to the description given in GPA.2.5.0106.18 «Rosae fructus». In addition, we have clarified the macroscopic characteristics for each species, which can be used to confirm the authenticity of these species. The analysis showed that the content of ascorbic acid in the fruits of the R. majalis – 1.28 ± 0.05 % and in the R. rugosa – 0.27 ± 0.01 %, which meets the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XV edition for high-vitamin types of raw materials. The content of ascorbic acid in the fruits of the R. rugosa is comparable with the literature data from other regions of procurement, and in the fruits of the R. majalis the content is higher. Conclusion. Analysis of fruits of R. majalis Herrm. and R. rugosa Thunb. revealed a high content of ascorbic acid, which makes it possible to procure these types of raw materials that meet the requirements of regulatory documentation in the Saratov region.