IMUNOTERAPIA NO CÂNCER DE PULMÃO: EFICÁCIA E PERSPECTIVAS DO USODE INIBIDORES DE CHECKPOINT IMUNOLÓGICO

Lung cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, posing a significant challenge to public health. In recent years, the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies, has revolutionized the treatment of this neoplasm, especially in patients with advanced or metastatic disease. These agents block immune checkpoints, allowing for a more effective immune response against the tumor. This study aims to review recent literature onthe efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of lung cancer, analyzing key advances, challenges, and future perspectives. Ten studies were selected from PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, including clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2019 and 2023. The results indicate that immunotherapy significantlyimproves response rates and patient survival, particularly when combined with other therapeutic modalities, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, treatment resistance and adverse effects remain significant challenges. Identifying biomarkers that can predict treatment response is a priority research area, essential for optimizing patient selection andpersonalizing therapeutic approaches. Therefore, future studies should focus on overcoming treatment resistance and personalizing immunotherapy to maximize clinical benefits.