Adaptation Strategies and Interventions to Increase Yield in Green Gram Production Under a Changing Climate in Eastern Kenya

Climate change has increased the magnitude, intensity and frequency of extreme climate events. Farmers are employing different strategies to adapt. Green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is one of the crops grown in the Arid and Semi-Arid areas of Kenya because of its adaptability to drought conditions. Despite its adaptability farmers are facing challenges during its production. This study carried out in Kibwezi East Sub-County, Makueni County, Kenya identified interventions and coping strategies employed by farmers towards safeguarding and increasing yields. It also identified the gaps to be bridged to increase yields, create resilience and enhance climate change adaptation. A household survey involving a sample of 395 respondents was carried out. The most cited challenges were prolonged droughts by 91% and increased incidences of crop pest attacks by 9%. Some adaptation strategies employed were, changing the green gram variety (53.2%,) early planting (35.7%) and use of integrated pest management practices (31.1%). There was a significant correlation (P< 0.05) between adaptation measures and green gram production. Among the respondents, 37% indicated that they had received assistance from the county government and other stakeholders. Over 32.9% had benefited from subsidized farm inputs and the agricultural extension services were at 28.4%. Provision of market linkage services was acknowledged by 46% of the respondents whereas 38% indicated that there was no adequate infrastructure. There was a significant correlation (P< 0.05) between interventions and green gram production. These results indicated the need for more strategies and interventions to increase yields. Climate change adaptation levels were low therefore more adaptability options are needed to strengthen the capacity of farmers for increased production