Offline Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Control in Manufacturing Processes: A Press Hardening Case Study

Abstract This paper explores the application of offline reinforcement learning in batch manufacturing, with a specific focus on press hardening processes. Offline reinforcement learning presents a viable alternative to traditional control and reinforcement learning methods, which often rely on impractical real-world interactions or complex simulations and iterative adjustments to bridge the gap between simulated and real-world environments. We demonstrate how offline reinforcement learning can improve control policies by leveraging existing data, thereby streamlining the training pipeline and reducing reliance on high-fidelity simulators. Our study evaluates the impact of varying data exploration rates by creating five datasets with exploration rates ranging from ε=0 to ε=0.8. Using the conservative Q-learning algorithm, we train and assess policies against both a dynamic baseline and a static industry-standard policy. The results indicate that while offline reinforcement learning effectively refines behavior policies and enhances supervised learning methods, its effectiveness is heavily dependent on the quality and exploratory nature of the initial behavior policy.