The fabrication of freestanding complex oxide membranes: Can we avoid using water?

Seeking a water-free epitaxial lift-off process: (1) Growth: An epitaxial film is grown on a sacrificial layer placed on a single-crystal substrate (top left). (2) Release: The film is released from the substrate without using a water-based sacrificial layer (top right). (3) Transfer: The film is transferred onto a new platform (bottom right). (4) Support Removal: A polymer support is removed from the film (bottom left).