Cloud-Integrated Precision Agriculture with LoRaWAN and ESP32

Over the past decade, more than 14 billion IoT devices have been connected, with this number projected to exceed 25 billion by 2030. The agricultural sector is crucial to societal progress and forms the backbone of any economy globally. However, agricultural practices remain traditional, having been followed for centuries with minimal advancements. Additionally, numerous climatic and topographical factors influence growth, leading to economic uncertainty. The study here aims to present implementation procedures for establishing a LoRa wireless technology-based smart farm system, which can streamline farming processes and provide consistent output for crop growth. Another significant challenge humanity faces today is the excessive reliance on conventional resources for energy consumption. This research explores the utilization of clean solar energy to achieve complete sustainability, thereby eliminating the dependence on external energy sources and reducing long-term overhead costs for farmers. The high-level system design of the project elucidates primary subsystems involved in a smart farm. The research also covers the criteria for selecting hardware and wireless networks, along with an explanation of the algorithm implemented in our smart farm system prototype. Finally, the conclusion outlines future enhancements aimed at improving overall efficiency and addressing corner cases in the smart farm’s functionality.