Monitoring meteorological drought in Hoa Vang district, Da Nang City, using Google Earth Engine and satellite-derived precipitation data combined with ground-based weather stations

ABSTRACT Monitoring the drought progression over time is a critical responsibility to identify the changing trends of this phenomenon. This study aims to assess drought hazard based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) using satellite-derived precipitation combined with ground station data on the Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform. The study employs the Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope method to evaluate the reliability of the SPI 1, 3, 6, 9, and SPI12 indices. The results show that SPI12 values have the highest reliability, 12/12 months having p values <0.05. In addition, the study also combines rainfall data collected from the Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing (CHRS) and field observational data to assess the correlation with SPI calculated from CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation). Results demonstrate that the SPI12 derived from CHIRPS correlates well with SPI12 from CHRS and observational data, as evidenced by the statistical coefficients. Furthermore, the study simulated the characteristics of droughts across the Hoa Vang district based on the Inverse Distance Weighting interpolation to assess the fluctuations of SPI values. The research findings facilitate understanding the impacts of droughts on the natural environment and socio-economics, especially in the agricultural sector in Hoa Vang district, Da Nang City.