Comparison of Unitary Vs. Federal Political Systems (with an Emphasis on the Appropriateness of Federal Political System and Its Potential Advantages for Afghanistan)

Unitary political systems usually face the problems of power distribution and participation of minority groups in power in third world societies. In Afghanistan, this has caused most of the ethnic groups living in this country, none of which constitute the absolute majority, to suffer and be dissatisfied with the unequal presence in power. The government's lack of attention to the rights of minorities and balanced development cause instability in this country. Therefore, the question that arises is which type of system (unitary or Federal) is suitable for Afghanistan? The existence of a unitary system in the pluralistic society of Afghanistan during the past two and a half centuries has not been the answer to the requirements of the Afghan society; therefore, we are examining the Federal model to create a stable government in Afghanistan. The main purpose of this research is to compare the unitary system with the Federal one and also to address why the Federal model is effective for Afghanistan. The current research used the descriptive method and library data.