Pharmacological and Lifestyle Interventions for Managing Osteoarthritis Pain in Elderly Patients

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that disproportionately affects the elderly, causing pain, stiffness, and impaired mobility. As the most common form of arthritis, OA significantly reduces the quality of life in older adults, who are particularly vulnerable due to age-related physiological changes, comorbidities, and the risk of polypharmacy. Effective management of OA pain in elderly patients requires a careful balance between pharmacological treatments and lifestyle interventions to achieve pain relief while minimizing adverse effects. This review explores pharmacological interventions, including acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), COX-2 inhibitors, topical analgesics, opioids, and intra-articular injections. While these therapies offer pain relief, they carry risks, particularly in older adults with comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular disease and renal impairment. Therefore, treatment regimens must be individualized to minimize side effects and improve adherence. In addition to medication, lifestyle interventions such as regular, low-impact physical activity, weight management, and an anti-inflammatory diet are critical for managing OA in elderly patients. Assistive devices and psychological support also play essential roles in enhancing joint function, promoting mobility, and improving overall well-being. The review emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach that integrates pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies. It also highlights future directions in OA management, including advancements in pharmacotherapy and emerging non-pharmacological treatments like regenerative medicine. Ultimately, a holistic approach tailored to the unique needs of elderly patients with OA is essential for improving pain management, enhancing mobility, and ensuring a better quality of life. Keywords: Pharmacological, Lifestyle Interventions, Osteoarthritis Pain, Elderly Patients.