Beyond traditional masculinities: Women’s perceptions of new masculinities.

Women’s perspective is mostly neglected in masculinity studies; moreover, there is still a strong need to better understand culturally diverse perceptions of masculinity. This qualitative study aims to identify definitions, antecedents, and consequences of new masculinities by focusing solely on women’s perception of masculinities. Focusing on a Turkish sample, where traditional masculinity is still prevalent but also widely contested by women, this study provides a fascinating cultural context to examine how new forms of masculinities emerge. Accordingly, semistructured interviews with 13 women (Mage= 28.8) were conducted in Turkey. The interviews took place between February and May 2019. The interviews inquired about the interviewees’ perceptions, expectations, and ideals concerning male identity. The respondents were also asked to assess social norms related to these topics, including society’s “must-have” expectations for men and its definition of a “real man.” The interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis, identifying four main themes: perceptions of Turkish masculinities, expectations and responsibilities, women’s perspectives challenging traditional norms, and comprehension of new masculinities. The results indicate a gradual erosion of traditional masculinity traits and the rise of new forms emphasizing emotional openness and shared responsibilities. The women shared their perspectives on masculinity and blamed society for societal expectations that put pressure on men. With its unique sample and methodological approach, this study offers a fresh perspective on masculinity studies by including women’s perspective on traditional masculinities and new masculinities from a non-Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic cultural context.