Effect of Distance of the Flame’s Inner Cone from Substrate Surface on Diamond Films Synthesized on Ti Substrate for Dental Implants by Flame Combustion

Flame combustion enables the synthesis of diamonds via acetylene-oxygen gas flame combustion in ambient air. Recently, titanium has been used for dental implants in the dental industry. In this study, diamond films were synthesized on a Ti substrate using the flame combustion method to improve the strength, wear resistance, and biocompatibility of dental implant surfaces. Moreover, to obtain high-quality diamond films and various synthesized diamond crystallites sizes and to achieve good adhesion on the Ti substrate, as a condition of the synthesis to prevent delamination, the distance of the flame’s inner cone from the substrate surface was varied by 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 mm. Based on the results, diamond films were synthesized on a Ti substrate surface via flame combustion. The surface morphology of the synthesized films was altered by varying the distance between the inner cone of the flame and the substrate surface. This distance affected the surface morphology of the synthesized diamond films. The delamination of the synthesized films was prevented completely. To investigate the factors causing this result, nuclei were generated on the substrate during the initial stages of synthesis. The effect of the distance between the inner cone of the flame and the substrate surface on the diamond films synthesized by flame combustion was investigated. The relationship between this distance and the state of the diamond nuclei on the substrate in the initial stages of synthesis was verified.