Growth and developmental pattern of early and late preterm at three months of age delivered in tertiary care hospital

Background: Preterm birth is a global health concern affecting 5-18% of births, with India experiencing around 3.5 million preterm births annually. This study aims to examine the growth, development and morbidity patterns of early and late preterm infants at 3 months of age in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This prospective observational study conducted at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital (JNMCH), Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh over 2 years period included 264 preterm infants (29% early preterm, 71% late preterm). Growth and development were assessed at scheduled visits up to 3 months using Fenton's growth chart for preterm infants and the Denver 2 developmental screening test. Results: This study investigated the growth and development of 264 preterm infants (77 early preterm, 187 late preterm) at a tertiary care hospital in India. The findings revealed statistically significant differences in weight, length, and head circumference between the two groups, with early preterm infants showing slower growth rate. Early preterm infants also experienced more developmental delays in gross motor and fine motor skills. Conclusions: Preterm infants especially those born early, face significant growth and developmental delays and are at higher risk for health problems. Early interventions and ongoing support, including counseling at discharge and regular follow-up are critical for improving their neurodevelopmental outcomes.