Integrative analysis of transcriptomic and immunoproteomic data reveals stress response mechanisms in Listeria monocytogenes

<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> is a significant concern in the food industry due to its association with outbreaks of listeriosis, particularly affecting vulnerable populations. High-throughput technologies such as RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and proteomics offer valuable insights into the molecular responses of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> to stress environments. In this study, a combined transcriptomic and immunoproteomic approach was applied to explore the stress response mechanisms of the <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strain ST7, which was responsible for an outbreak in central Italy. The bacterium was exposed to both optimal conditions and a stress environment representative of pork product matrices (pH 5.5; 7 % NaCl) and thermal abuse prior to consumption (12 °C).Transcriptomic analysis revealed variations in gene expression related to pathogenesis, stress responses, and virulence factors under different environmental conditions. Transcriptomic analysis of <i>Listeria</i> involves studying the complete set of RNA transcripts produced by the bacterium under various conditions or during different stages of its lifecycle. It can provide insights into its pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms. Immunoproteomic analysis identified proteins involved in stress response pathways, including oxidoreductases and DNA repair enzymes, uniquely expressed under stress conditions. Furthermore, the study highlighted proteins linked to antibiotic resistance and cell wall biosynthesis. By delineating specific proteins crucial in the stress response pathways, these findings not only deepen our comprehension of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> biology but also pave the way for designing more targeted mitigation strategies to safeguard food safety and public health effectively.