Assessment of left ventricular function in patient after ventricular septal defect closure using echocardiography

This systematic literature review assessed left ventricular function in patients after ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure, with a focus on echocardiographic evaluations. Echocardiography plays a vital role in monitoring cardiac function following VSD closure, whether performed through surgery or device catheter treatment, and is essential for guiding patient management. A thorough search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, resulting in the identification of 32 records. Of these, 7 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing sample sizes ranging from 7 to 188 patients. The selected studies focused on evaluating left ventricular function using echocardiographic techniques after VSD closure. The majority of patients demonstrated normal left ventricular function following VSD closure. However, a subset experienced a temporary decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) immediately post-procedure. These impairments generally improved during follow-up, indicating a recovery of left ventricular function over time. Residual lesions were uncommon, with only a small number of patients exhibiting minor residual shunts. VSD closure, whether through surgery or device catheter treatment, is typically associated with significant improvements in left ventricular function. Although some patients may experience a transient decline in LVEF and GLS, recovery is common during follow-up. These findings highlight the critical role of echocardiography in ongoing assessment and monitoring, which is crucial for optimal long-term management and follow-up of patients after VSD closure.