From biomarker discovery to combined therapies: Advancing hepatocellular carcinoma treatment strategies

This editorial reviews advances in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, focusing on a triple therapy approach and biomarker discovery. Zhang <i>et al</i> discuss the synergistic potential of transarterial chemoembolization combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and PD-1 inhibitors. Meanwhile, Li <i>et al</i> identify protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor II (PTPN2) as a biomarker for poor prognosis and immune evasion in HCC. The studies highlight the importance of combined therapies and biomarkers in improving HCC treatment efficacy and patient outcomes, with PTPN2 emerging as a potential therapeutic target. This article supplements the aforementioned studies with more recent research advancements, focusing on the molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of biomarkers.