Performance and economic analysis of various geothermal power plant systems: Case study for the Chingshui geothermal field in Taiwan

Geothermal power plants are a source of sustainable energy. However, their performance is influenced by various factors, including production temperature and well locations, and few studies have investigated the relationships between these factors. To address this research gap, the present study developed integrated models of a geothermal reservoir and a variety of power plant systems. By using COMSOL and MATLAB, we conducted simulations for the Chingshui geothermal field in Taiwan to investigate the performance and economic feasibility of five common types of geothermal power plant systems over their operational lifetime under different well configurations. The key findings of this investigation are as follows. First, the locations of production wells are a primary factor influencing production temperature. Constructing wells in low-permeability zones results in considerable increases in the pressure differential in the injection pump; thus, wells should not be constructed in such zones. Second, as system flow rate and well depth decrease, production temperature remains relatively stable, net power output decreases, and system efficiency increases. This efficiency increase is caused by decreases in pumping power requirements at lower flow rates and shallower well depths. Finally, among the investigated systems, the organic Rankine cycle system had the lowest electricity production cost and shortest payback period within the enthalpy range of 500–1000 kJ/kg. Double-flash (DF) and DF–binary systems are also viable options when the mass flow rate is 10–20 kg/s and the enthalpy is 700–800 kJ/kg. Overall, the results of this study offer valuable insights for the design of geothermal power plants, thereby contributing to the optimization of renewable energy systems.