Biomarkers of renal parenchymal damage in young children with congenital hydronephrosis: literature review

Enlargement of the renal cavity system in a fetus is revealed at prenatal ultrasound in 1–5% of cases and can be caused by congenital hydronephrosis due to pelvic-ureteral junction obstruction, which is one of the most common nosologies in the structure of obstructive uropathies in childhood. A high risk of renal function decrease at the preclinical stage of disease development dictates a need to create highly informative diagnostic programs and treatment algorithms aimed at preventing complications. In this review, we discuss results of studies on diagnostic and prognostic value of cytokine biomarkers which are of a great interest in congenital hydronephrosis in young children. They include: kidney injury molecule-1, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin-1. Literature search for this review was made in Web of Science, PubMed, Russian Science Citation Index, CyberLeninka, Scopus databases.