Analysis of Digital Literacy Levels and Related Factors among Children and Adolescents in Cambodia

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the digital literacy and factors among children and adolescents in Cambodia. Originality: While the Cambodian government emphasizes the cultivation of digitally literate citizens, opportunities for digital education within the public education system are lacking. This study assesses the digital literacy of Cambodian adolescents and explore related factors to provide insights for implementing digital education within Cambodia's public education. Methodology: This study conducted a survey targeting students in grades 5-10 across 26 elementary and secondary schools within the project areas of the ‘Child fund’. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed using the collected data. Result: The digital literacy score of adolescents averaged 49.2 out of 100, indicating a relatively low level. The digital literacy varied according to gender, grades, interest in digital activities, digital usage at home, and perceptions of the school's digital learning environment. Boys had higher digital literacy levels than girls, higher-grade students scored better than lower-grade students, and students with a greater interest in digital activities also had higher digital literacy levels. Adolescents from homes with higher digital accessibility, such as computers, tablets, and internet access, showed higher digital literacy levels. However, those who primarily used internet-enabled phones had lower digital literacy levels. Conclusion and Implication: The digital literacy levels of adolescents vary based on individual characteristics and experiences. When designing digital education within Cambodia's public education system, it is essential to consider the personal characteristics and experiences of the children and adolescents. Additionally, efforts are needed to improve the digital learning environment in schools and to provide positive digital experiences outside of school, including at home.