Using stakeholder knowledge to co-produce research priorities for a raptor species vulnerable to impacts of wind energy facilities

The global energy transition necessitates a rapid increase in infrastructure in developing countries, including for wind energy facilities (WEFs). Concerns arise regarding the negative impacts of WEFs on biodiversity, especially on birds of prey or raptors and other volant animals. In Africa, South Africa has the largest installed wind energy capacity and also hosts several raptor species of conservation importance. One such raptor is the regionally endemic Jackal Buzzard <i>Buteo rufofuscus</i> (family Accipitridae), which has its core population in South Africa. Despite frequent fatalities from collisions with wind turbine blades, this species is understudied. To address this gap, we conducted interviews with key stakeholders in the wind energy sector, including avifaunal specialists, wind energy developers, government representatives, and conservation nongovernmental organisations. The goal was to begin a cooperative process to identify crucial research gaps and to establish a future research agenda for Jackal Buzzards in the context of wind energy development. Stakeholders expressed confidence in current environmental impact assessment (EIA) techniques but highlighted a concern for direct collisions as a significant threat to Jackal Buzzards. The consensus was that WEFs are more likely to cause local rather than national population-level impacts. Although stakeholders generally shared similar opinions, minor differences emerged between groups. Movement ecology studies were identified as a high priority for future research on this species. By collaboratively formulating research priorities, this study aims to improve the relevance of future investigations, fostering stakeholder buy-in for potential policy and EIA practice recommendations.