Methodology for determining the hardness and depth of the hardened layer (in Kazakh language)

The article discusses methods for determining the hardness and depth of the hardened layer. Stiffness is defined as the ratio of the amount of load to the surface area, projection area, or print volume. The following types of surface, projection and volumetric stiffness are distinguished:surface hardness-the ratio of the load to the surface area of the print; projection stiffness-the ratio of the load to the area of the print projection; volumetric stiffness-the ratio of the load to the print volume. Hardness is measured in three ranges: macro, micro, nano. Hardness is the degree to which mineralogy often encounters this when scratching one mineral with another. In addition, the hardness of a mineral is also known as the degree of resistance to the influence of external mechanical force. But the external mechanical effect itself will be slightly different, depending on how strongly the mineral resists.The article conducted research with examples of several methods for determining the hardness of the layer.