Hepatic toxicity assessment in HIV’s interaction with reverse transcriptase and integrase strand transfer inhibitors at a military hospital, southsouth Nigeria

Abstract Introduction The use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has made HIV a manageable condition, but there are risks associated with medications like reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), such as liver and renal toxicity. It is essential to understand these risks for effective treatment and case management. Investigating liver toxicity related to RTIs and INSTIs in Nigeria is crucial for optimizing HIV treatment. This study aimed to assess the impact of tenofovir lamivudine dolutegravir (TLD) on the liver function of HIV patients at Nigerian Navy Hospital (NNH)-Warri. Methods The liver function of 170 participants was assessed, with 120 on ART and the remainder being HIV-negative attendees at NNH-Warri. The study used a cross-sectional design and selected participants through random sampling. We collected data using a semi-structured questionnaire. Blood samples were taken through venipuncture and stored at – 20 °C before analysis. Ethical approval was obtained, and data analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistical Software Version 23, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results The study found significant differences in AST, TP, Alb, and GST levels between HIV-positive subjects receiving TLD and HIV-negative individuals. HIV-positive subjects had lower AST and Alb levels but higher TP and GST levels. Further analysis revealed correlations between age, gender, and liver enzymes, highlighting the complex relationship between HIV, liver function, and treatment outcomes. Conclusion The study suggests that decreased AST levels may have a protective effect, while ALT activity had minimal impact. Changes in TP, Alb, and GSTs emphasize the importance of monitoring hepatic synthetic function and detoxification pathways in HIV patients taking TLD.