Social Networks as a Modern Total Institution

The modern Internet space, especially in the context of social networks, can be viewed through the prism of the theory of total institutions. This article delineates the concept of a total institution, outlining the genesis of its constituent categories. Drawing upon the ideas of E. Goffman, M. Foucault, and P. Bourdieu, a characterization of the total institution is presented. The scientific reflection on this topic within the domestic academic community is also reviewed. Employing semantic analysis and critical discourse analysis methods, the article identifies two potential approaches to applying the category of “total institution” for the analysis of communication in the internet space: first, the social network reproduces similar structures within itself, isolating certain subjects while endowing others with preferences, thereby functioning analogously to social and political systems; second, the social network itself is a total institution, set in opposition to the ordinary world. Conclusion emphasizes the functionality of four parameters through which a social network can be conceptualized as a total institution: enclosed space, rhythmic time, control, and disciplinary practices. These characteristics amplify their impact on the speaking subject under the conditions of the dominance of a quasi-political discourse, prevalent in social networks.