Russia as a Civilization in Domestic Philosophical Journalism of the XIX – Early XX Centuries

The article examines the spectrum of domestic philosophical journalism from the XIX ‒ early XX century, which placed particular emphasis on identifying the civilizational specificity of Russia. A significant initial contribution to this discourse was made by P.Ya. Chaadaev in his works “Philosophical Letters” and “Apology of a Madman”. A distinctive response to Chaadaev’s ideas can be found in the works of his contemporaries, including A.S. Pushkin, F.I. Tyutchev, and N.V. Gogol. Each of these authors proposed their own solution on the issue of Russia as a unique civilization. This topic is further developed by Russian philosophers of the second half of the XIX – early XX century – N.Y. Danilevsky, K.N. Leontiev, V.S. Solovyov and V.V. Rozanov, whose ideas became the subject of analysis in the presented article. The text provides a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign assessments of this historical period in the context of the geopolitical situation of that time. Particular attention is paid to the reconstruction of cultural-historical types in the works of Russian and European authors.